1. Brasilia (Check out Brazil Facts -- Capital)







The city of Sao Paulo, founded in 1554, is the largest city in South America and the capital of the state of Sao Paulo, located in the southeast of the state. The elevation 760 meters, the area 1,493 square kilometers, the urban population 17.4 million. As the industrial and commercial and financial center of Brazil, The output value and industrial output value respectively account for 50% and 70% of the total output value and industrial output value of the whole state. Main industries: Machinery, automobile, electrical parts and light industry. In addition to medicine, plastics, tobacco and other publishing printing. There are altogether 225,000 enterprises of various kinds in the city, and 30 of the 50 largest enterprises in China are here. There are 5,037 Banks and branches, and bank staff make up 10 per cent of the employed population. The city has 750 supermarkets, 11 modern shopping centers and more than 10, as well as more than 800 markets. The city's industrial employment population accounts for 20% of the country's total. It is also the largest foreign trade base in South America. In 1984, our country opened a consulate-General in Sao Paulo. In 1988, Shengshi and Shanghai became sister cities. About 170,000 Overseas Chinese live in Sao Paulo, and a number of Chinese companies have offices there.









The city of Foz do Iguazul is located at the confluence of the Parana river and the Iguazu River at the border of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. Iguazu means "great water" in the Indian Guarani language. The city covers an area of 630 square kilometers (20% of which is Iguazu National Park and 30% Is Itaipu Lake). Urban area of 85 square kilometers, 183 meters above sea level, a population of 250,000. The average annual temperature is 27.7°C, with the highest temperature in January of each year at 28.1°C. July is the coldest month with an average temperature of 14.6 °C, annual rainfall of 1712 mm, and annual average humidity of 80%.





Iguazu is The second largest tourist center in Brazil, receiving about 7 million visitors a year. The local residents are mainly engaged in business and tourism. At present, the world's largest hydropower station - Itaipu Hydropower station 12 kilometers away from the city, the famous Iguazu Waterfall 28 kilometers away from the city. The city is only 6.5km from The city of Easton in Paraguay (which is visited by about 6m Brazilians every year), 10km from the port of Iguazu in Argentina and 29km from the Falls in Argentina.





The city of Iguazu has about 3,000 overseas Chinese, most of whom do business in The eastern city on the Paraguayan side and live in The city. Iguazu Falls Iguazu Falls is located on the Iguazu River on the border between Brazil and Argentina. It was formed 120 million years ago. It was discovered by the Spanish in 1542. The waterfall is made up of 275 falls, the largest of which falls 90 meters and flows at 1,500 cubic meters per second, known as "Devil's Throat". Three-quarters of the falls are in Argentina, but the View from the Brazilian side is more spectacular. The visiting mileage in Pakistan is 1 km (the visiting mileage in Afghanistan is 3 km).





Itaipu Hydropower Station is located on the border river between Brazil and Paraguay - Parana River (the world's fifth largest river with annual runoff of 725 billion cubic meters), 12 kilometers north of Iguazu City. It is the largest hydropower station in the world. It is jointly built by Brazil and Paraguay, and the generating units and generating capacity are divided equally between the two countries. At present, there are 18 generating units (700,000 kw each) with a total installed capacity of 12.6 million kW and an annual generating capacity of 79 billion KWH.





Itaipu means "singing stone" in Hindi. Itaipu hydropower Station was constructed on October 17, 1974 and completed on May 6, 1991, lasting for 17 years. The main dam is a hollow concrete gravity dam, 196 meters high (225 meters above sea level) and 1,500 meters long. The right side is connected with a curved concrete dam, 770 meters long. The spillway is connected to the left, the spillway is 483 meters long, and the maximum discharge capacity is 62,200 cubic meters per second. There is also a rockfill dam and earth dam on both sides. The whole dam is 7,853 meters long and the water level difference is 118.4 meters. The reservoir covers an area of 1,350 square kilometers (750 square kilometers on the Brazilian side and 600 square kilometers on the Paraguayan side) and has a capacity of 29 billion cubic meters.





Itaipu hydropower station project was consulted by San Francisco International Engineering Company and Milan Electric Power Consulting Company of Italy, and the master plan, diversion project, selection of hydro-generator set and other key designs were completed between 1971 and 1974. The generators are all made in Brazil by a Joint venture between Germany and Brazil. The governments of Brazil and Paraguay formed itaipu Joint venture company for the development of Itaipu hydropower station, which is responsible for construction, operation and management. The relevant agreements signed by the two governments have made clear provisions on the major issues of hydropower stations. Brazil and Paraguay have different power frequencies. The Brazilian and Paraguayan units use 60 hz and 50 hz, respectively. The high voltage AC transmission line is 750 kv. Paraguay currently consumes only 2% of the power generated by hydropower plants, so it is required to sell the surplus to Brazil for 50 years and is free to resell the remaining 48%. The Itaipu hydropower station is operated by the Furnas Central control unit.





Itaipu's joint venture is registered at $100m, with power companies of the two countries sharing half and half of the rights to the hydropower station. Construction is 99% financed by loans, which Brazil raises. The total investment in the construction of hydropower stations was us $23.4 billion, including 11.24 billion in engineering investment and 12.16 billion in interest expenditure. Under the agreement between the two governments, the hydropower station will pay off the principal and interest for 50 years (1974-2023) (still in dollars). In the meantime can borrow new debt to pay off old debt. The cost of servicing the principal and interest of the loan accounts for 70% of the management fee of the hydropower station. Since 1991, itaipu has generated an annual revenue of about $2.3 billion.









The city of Rio DE Janeiro is the capital of the state of Rio DE Janeiro. Located in the south of the state, it is located inside the Bay of Guanabara. It is 2.3 meters above sea level, covers an area of 1,250 square kilometers, has a population of about 5.5 million and is the second largest city in Brazil. The annual minimum temperature is 17°C and the maximum temperature is 36°C. Founded in 1565, Rio was the capital of Brazil from 1834 to 1960. As one of the most developed cities in Brazil, It is also an important transportation hub and cultural center in Brazil.





Rio DE Janeiro means "the river of January" in Portuguese. When Portuguese navigators arrived here in January 1501, they mistook guanabara Bay for the mouth of the great river, hence its name. Rio DE Janeiro is a famous tourist attraction in Brazil and the world for its scenic beauty of mountains and sea. The main scenic spots are Mount Jesus, Bread Hill, Nitroy Bridge and so on. Rio is famous for its beaches, which are the largest in the world in terms of number and length. There are 72 beaches in the city. Two of the most famous beaches are Copacabana beach and Ibanema Beach. Known as the "Carnival Capital", Rio hosts the most distinctive carnival in Brazil every year.





In 1986 The city of Rio DE Janeiro became sister city to Beijing. In 1992 our consulate-General opened in Rio. About 5,000 overseas Chinese live in Rio and a number of Chinese companies have offices there.





Corcovado Hill (also known as Mount Jesus) is 710 metres high in Rio's Tijuca National Park. On the top of the mountain is a crucifix with outstretched arms, hence the name Jesus Mountain. The giant statue of Jesus can be seen in every corner of the city and is one of the symbols of Rio. Built in 1931, the statue is 30 meters tall (equivalent to a 13-story building) and weighs 1,145 tons. Its head alone is 3.75 meters tall and weighs 30 tons; The distance between the two fingers is 28 meters; Two arms area of about 38 square meters, weighing 114 tons; The pedestal has an area of 100 square meters.





Bread Mountain (Pã o de Aç Ucar is named for its shape like French bread. Located at the mouth of Guanabara Bay, it is one of the symbols of Rio. The mountain is 394 meters high and offers a panoramic view of Rio. Next to Bread Mountain are two lower peaks, Dogface mountain and Urca Mountain, both 215 meters high. Between these two hills is the city which was founded in 1565, and at the foot of the hill you can still see the old Castle of St. Joao which guarded the city.









Manaus is the capital of the state of Amazonia. Located at the confluence of the Black and Solimons rivers (a tributary of the Amazon), Manaus covers an area of 14,337 square kilometers and has a population of 1.5 million. The city is located in the Amazon plain, located at 3 degrees south latitude. It is always hot and humid, with an average annual temperature of 26°C, with the highest temperature reaching 35.6°C and the lowest 18.5°C. The annual average rainfall is 2500 mm. The city's industries are dominated by metallurgy, electronics and machinery. The city has the world's largest floating dock, with a length of 1,313 meters. Agricultural products are mainly citrus, papaya and other fruits. There are now 4 institutions of higher learning, 370 middle schools, 72 primary schools, 24 hospitals and 1570 hospital beds. Manaus is a famous tourist city. The main attractions include the Customs House (all the bricks and tiles are imported from Britain), the Grand Theatre of Manaus, the Indian Museum and so on. 80 kilometers from the city is a wild tropical rain forest. Amazon River originates from the Cordillera Mountains in central Peru, with a total length of 6,751 kilometers and 3,165 kilometers in Brazil. The river is broad and has many tributaries. Its drainage basin and flow are ranked first in the world, and its water volume accounts for 20% of the world's total fresh water. The Amazon plain, formed by the impact of the Amazon River, covers an area of 7.05 million square kilometers, mostly in Brazil. The Amazon Basin is suitable for plant growth. There are vast and endless primeval forests with more than 20,000 kinds of plants and rich in high-quality timber, and it is known as the "lung of the earth". The upper Amazon consists of the Black and Solimons rivers. The water of The Saohe river is yellow, and the water of the Heihe River is espresso color. Due to different specific gravity and flow rate, the two kinds of rivers are black and yellow respectively on the river surface of tens of kilometers long at the intersection, which are mutually independent and become a big landscape.