Ancient Brazil was inhabited by Indians. Discovered in 1500 AD by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Alvares Cabral, it gradually became a Portuguese colony. In 1807, When Napoleon invaded Portugal, the Portuguese royal family fled to Brazil and made Rio DE Janeiro the capital of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and The Algarve, making Brazil the capital of the only European kingdom among the Colonies in the New World. In 1821, the Portuguese royal family moved back to Lisbon. Prince Pedro declared independence on September 7, 1822 and established the Brazilian Empire. On November 15, 1889, General Fonseka launched a coup and abolished the monarchy. On February 24, 1891, Brazil adopted the first Constitution of the Federal Republic, naming the country the United States of Brazil. The capital was moved from Rio DE Janeiro to Brasilia in 1960. The military came to power in a coup in 1964. It was renamed the Federal Republic of Brazil in 1967. In January 1985, the opposition won an indirect presidential election, ending military rule. A new constitution was enacted in 1988, stipulating that the President be directly elected. Today, Brazil is a major emerging country, joining China, India, Russia and South Africa as the brics.